Safe by Design: Guidance for combining RA and LCA at TRL 1-6

This guidance document is composed to aid product designers by explaining how and existing practical risk assessment (RA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) tools could be combined in product design practice. This document is based on a literature review (Subramanian and Guinee, 2021) investigating the combination of RA and LCA at low technology readiness levels (TRL): concept stage (TRL 1-4) and laboratory scale (TRL 4-6).