Value of Nature: The Investment Case for Nature-based Solutions

Nature loss is emerging as a systemic economic and financial risk, undermining the Ecosystem Services (ES) that underpin productivity, resilience, and human well-being. Current financial and economic systems continue to undervalue nature, resulting in underinvestment in nature-based solutions (NbS). This report addresses a central challenge of how to translate the broad societal value of NbS into actionable financial logic that can mobilize investment at scale. Commissioned by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Food Security and Nature (LVVN), this study examines how Ecosystem Service Valuation (ESV) can support the scaling of finance for NbS.